[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
D    10.98.147.0/24 [90/451] via 192.168.1.1
D    10.98.147.0/24 [90/451] via 192.168.86.1
D    10.180.186.0/24 [90/774] via 192.168.39.145
D    10.44.142.0/26 [90/705] via 192.168.60.112
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
D    10.254.56.0/22 [90/570] via 192.168.186.29
D    10.94.244.0/26 [90/770] via 192.168.239.114

Question: Does this routing table have any routing inconsistencies?

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two EIGRP routes to 10.98.147.0/24 exist with equal metrics (451) via 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.86.1. However, 'show ip eigrp topology' reveals the route via 192.168.1.1 has not been updated for over 15 minutes.
2. Analysis: EIGRP uses hold timers (default 15 seconds on high-speed links, 180 on low-speed) to determine neighbor validity. A route persisting beyond the hold time without hello packets indicates a silent failure or unidirectional link.
3. Context: EIGRP may retain a stale route in the topology table if the neighbor is not properly declared dead. This can happen with stuck-in-active (SIA) conditions or when hello packets are lost but data packets still flow.
4. Recommendation: Check EIGRP neighbor status with 'show ip eigrp neighbors'. Verify hold time and hello interval on interfaces toward 192.168.1.1. Investigate for unidirectional link failures or SIA events.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Stale EIGRP ECMP path for 10.98.147.0/24. Route via 192.168.1.1 has not been refreshed beyond hold time. Verify EIGRP neighbor adjacency and interface counters. Potential SIA or unidirectional link failure.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
B    10.130.127.0/23 [20/1] via 192.168.118.240
B    10.145.86.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.60.1, AS_PATH: 65002 65003
B    10.145.86.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.7.1, AS_PATH: 65001
B    10.17.202.0/17 [20/8] via 192.168.163.251
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
B    10.68.201.0/24 [20/8] via 192.168.39.19

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two BGP routes to 10.145.86.0/24 exist via 192.168.7.1 (AS_PATH: 65001) and 192.168.60.1 (AS_PATH: 65002 65003). Both have local-pref 100 and weight 0.
2. Analysis: BGP path selection prefers shorter AS_PATH. The route via 192.168.7.1 has AS_PATH length 1, while the route via 192.168.60.1 has length 2. Therefore, only the path via 192.168.7.1 is selected as best path. ECMP requires all compared attributes to be identical up to the point of divergence.
3. Context: Even with 'maximum-paths 2' configured, BGP will not install the second path because AS_PATH lengths differ. The router is single-homed in terms of active forwarding, defeating redundancy.
4. Recommendation: If true ECMP is desired, manipulate AS_PATH to be equal (e.g., using AS_PATH prepending on the preferred path) or adjust local-preference/weight. Alternatively, accept single best-path behavior if design intent is primary/backup.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: BGP unequal-cost paths for 10.145.86.0/24. AS_PATH lengths differ (1 vs 2). 'maximum-paths' will not help. Equalize AS_PATH or use local-preference for true ECMP.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
O    10.111.239.0/24 [110/10] via 192.168.43.1, 22:18:20, Port-channel5
O    10.13.177.0/18 [110/10] via 192.168.82.160, 05:47:45, Port-channel8
O    10.0.102.0/21 [110/20] via 192.168.73.31, 15:50:52, GigabitEthernet2/0
O    10.119.41.0/23 [110/5] via 192.168.113.48, 13:21:47, Port-channel3
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.111.239.0/24 [110/10] via 192.168.56.1, 08:29:35, Loopback86

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: The RIB shows two equal-cost OSPF routes to 10.111.239.0/24 via 192.168.43.1 and 192.168.56.1. However, 'show ip cef 10.111.239.0/24' displays only one path in the FIB.
2. Analysis: CEF derives ECMP paths from the RIB, but hardware limitations, CEF polarization, or platform-specific maximum-paths constraints can cause CEF to install fewer paths than the RIB. Some platforms limit ECMP to 8 or 16 paths.
3. Context: This creates a forwarding/RIB inconsistency. Control plane believes load balancing is active, but data plane uses only one path. Traffic engineering and capacity planning based on ECMP assumptions will be incorrect.
4. Recommendation: Verify platform ECMP limits with 'show ip cef maximum-count'. Check for CEF polarization using 'show ip cef 10.111.239.0/24 internal'. If hardware-limited, consider using per-flow load balancing or upgrading platform. Ensure 'maximum-paths' is configured correctly under the routing protocol.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: CEF ECMP mismatch for 10.111.239.0/24. RIB has 2 paths but CEF FIB shows only 1. Hardware limit or CEF polarization suspected. Verify 'show ip cef maximum-count' and platform ECMP limits. Traffic is not truly load-balanced.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.31.93.0/24 [110/64] via 192.168.88.1, 19:13:19, Port-channel4
O    10.38.105.0/27 [110/6] via 192.168.239.237, 13:03:49, Port-channel4
O    10.9.132.0/29 [110/20] via 192.168.163.198, 03:21:54, Loopback78
O    10.31.93.0/24 [110/9] via 192.168.47.1, 13:33:46, Serial1/1:1
O    10.178.213.0/23 [110/6] via 192.168.63.186, 06:20:27, Serial3/1:1
O    10.212.162.0/25 [110/15] via 192.168.109.232, 23:14:48, FastEthernet1/0

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two OSPF routes to 10.31.93.0/24 exist via 192.168.47.1 (metric 9) and 192.168.88.1 (metric 64).
2. Analysis: ECMP requires equal metrics for all paths to the same destination. The metrics differ by 55, which violates ECMP requirements. CEF will select only the best path.
3. Context: Traffic will not be load-balanced. The higher-metric path is effectively unused, wasting bandwidth. If the lower-metric path fails, convergence will be slower as the router must discover the backup.
4. Recommendation: Equalize OSPF costs on all interfaces leading to 10.31.93.0/24. Verify interface bandwidth and delay settings are consistent across parallel links.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Asymmetric ECMP for 10.31.93.0/24. OSPF metrics differ (9 vs 64). CEF will not load-balance. Equalize interface costs on Serial1/1:1 and Port-channel4.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
D    10.100.83.0/24 [90/319] via 192.168.65.1
D    10.246.13.0/26 [90/178] via 192.168.153.60
D    10.19.151.0/23 [90/423] via 192.168.47.179
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
D    10.127.230.0/16 [90/918] via 192.168.233.105
D    10.193.171.0/20 [90/788] via 192.168.109.23
D    10.100.83.0/24 [90/319] via 192.168.39.1
D    10.51.68.0/28 [90/470] via 192.168.26.44

Question: Does this routing table have any routing inconsistencies?

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two EIGRP routes to 10.100.83.0/24 exist with equal metrics (319) via 192.168.39.1 and 192.168.65.1. However, 'show ip eigrp topology' reveals the route via 192.168.39.1 has not been updated for over 15 minutes.
2. Analysis: EIGRP uses hold timers (default 15 seconds on high-speed links, 180 on low-speed) to determine neighbor validity. A route persisting beyond the hold time without hello packets indicates a silent failure or unidirectional link.
3. Context: EIGRP may retain a stale route in the topology table if the neighbor is not properly declared dead. This can happen with stuck-in-active (SIA) conditions or when hello packets are lost but data packets still flow.
4. Recommendation: Check EIGRP neighbor status with 'show ip eigrp neighbors'. Verify hold time and hello interval on interfaces toward 192.168.39.1. Investigate for unidirectional link failures or SIA events.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Stale EIGRP ECMP path for 10.100.83.0/24. Route via 192.168.39.1 has not been refreshed beyond hold time. Verify EIGRP neighbor adjacency and interface counters. Potential SIA or unidirectional link failure.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
D    10.66.229.0/20 [90/443] via 192.168.52.53
D    10.76.125.0/24 [90/183] via 192.168.9.1
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
D    10.76.125.0/24 [90/459] via 192.168.150.1
D    10.119.98.0/29 [90/759] via 192.168.68.61
D    10.76.125.0/24 [90/249] via 192.168.73.1
D    10.9.60.0/24 [90/267] via 192.168.143.123

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Three EIGRP routes to 10.76.125.0/24 have metrics 183, 249, and 459. Current variance is 2, which allows paths with metric up to 366.
2. Analysis: With variance 2, the maximum acceptable metric is 366. Path via 192.168.73.1 has metric 249 (within range), but path via 192.168.150.1 has metric 459 (exceeds range). Therefore, only two paths participate in unequal-cost load balancing.
3. Context: The third path is completely unused despite being a valid feasible successor. This underutilizes available capacity. If the variance was intended to include all three paths, it is insufficient.
4. Recommendation: Increase variance to 3 to include all three paths. Alternatively, if only two paths are desired, verify the design intent and remove or suppress the third path to avoid confusion.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: EIGRP variance 2 too low for 10.76.125.0/24. Metric 459 via 192.168.150.1 exceeds variance limit (366). Only 2 of 3 paths are active. Increase variance to 3 or verify design intent.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
O    10.41.100.0/28 [110/16] via 192.168.145.62, 15:33:56, Port-channel5
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.9.103.0/24 [110/40] via 192.168.82.1, 04:21:59, Serial3/1:1
O    10.223.212.0/19 [110/11] via 192.168.36.78, 15:13:57, Serial1/1:0
O    10.33.50.0/29 [110/6] via 192.168.88.2, 07:22:14, Loopback90
O    10.9.103.0/24 [110/9] via 192.168.24.1, 21:44:49, Port-channel3

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two OSPF routes to 10.9.103.0/24 exist via 192.168.24.1 (metric 9) and 192.168.82.1 (metric 40).
2. Analysis: ECMP requires equal metrics for all paths to the same destination. The metrics differ by 31, which violates ECMP requirements. CEF will select only the best path.
3. Context: Traffic will not be load-balanced. The higher-metric path is effectively unused, wasting bandwidth. If the lower-metric path fails, convergence will be slower as the router must discover the backup.
4. Recommendation: Equalize OSPF costs on all interfaces leading to 10.9.103.0/24. Verify interface bandwidth and delay settings are consistent across parallel links.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Asymmetric ECMP for 10.9.103.0/24. OSPF metrics differ (9 vs 40). CEF will not load-balance. Equalize interface costs on Port-channel3 and Serial3/1:1.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
D    10.99.121.0/24 [90/456] via 192.168.102.1
D    10.99.121.0/24 [90/232] via 192.168.40.1
D    10.15.181.0/28 [90/524] via 192.168.212.227
D    10.77.237.0/18 [90/170] via 192.168.58.203
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
D    10.1.47.0/18 [90/369] via 192.168.204.35
D    10.99.121.0/24 [90/300] via 192.168.88.1

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Three EIGRP routes to 10.99.121.0/24 have metrics 232, 300, and 456. Current variance is 2, which allows paths with metric up to 464.
2. Analysis: With variance 2, the maximum acceptable metric is 464. Path via 192.168.88.1 has metric 300 (within range), but path via 192.168.102.1 has metric 456 (exceeds range). Therefore, only two paths participate in unequal-cost load balancing.
3. Context: The third path is completely unused despite being a valid feasible successor. This underutilizes available capacity. If the variance was intended to include all three paths, it is insufficient.
4. Recommendation: Increase variance to 2 to include all three paths. Alternatively, if only two paths are desired, verify the design intent and remove or suppress the third path to avoid confusion.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: EIGRP variance 2 too low for 10.99.121.0/24. Metric 456 via 192.168.102.1 exceeds variance limit (464). Only 2 of 3 paths are active. Increase variance to 2 or verify design intent.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
B    10.229.146.0/24 [20/9] via 192.168.5.243
B    10.129.175.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.30.1
B    10.253.122.0/25 [20/8] via 192.168.112.6
B    10.129.175.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.89.1
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
B    10.41.246.0/27 [20/10] via 192.168.26.104
B    10.77.93.0/22 [20/9] via 192.168.105.200
B    10.221.224.0/25 [20/10] via 192.168.115.223

Question: What routing issues could cause network instability in this configuration?

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two BGP routes to 10.129.175.0/24 exist via 192.168.30.1 and 192.168.89.1 with identical attributes. However, the BGP session with 192.168.30.1 has not sent keepalives for over 3 minutes.
2. Analysis: BGP hold time is typically 180 seconds (3 minutes). If keepalives are not received within the hold time, the session should be torn down and routes withdrawn. A stale route persisting indicates a TCP session stuck in ESTABLISHED state without actual data flow.
3. Context: This is a classic 'stuck BGP session' scenario. The router still has the route in the RIB, but if the peer is actually down, traffic sent via 192.168.30.1 will be dropped. This causes intermittent connectivity issues that are hard to diagnose.
4. Recommendation: Clear the BGP session with 192.168.30.1 using 'clear ip bgp 192.168.30.1'. Verify underlying IP connectivity with ping and traceroute. Check for MTU mismatches or ACLs blocking TCP port 179. Consider reducing hold time for faster failure detection.
</reasoning>
<answer>
CRITICAL: Stale BGP ECMP path for 10.129.175.0/24. Session with 192.168.30.1 has not sent keepalives within hold time. Route persists due to stuck TCP session. Clear BGP session and verify underlying connectivity.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
B    10.143.83.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.76.1
B    10.143.83.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.10.1
B    10.143.57.0/19 [20/7] via 192.168.38.183
B    10.20.235.0/26 [20/8] via 192.168.50.197
B    10.211.160.0/27 [20/10] via 192.168.134.239
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

Question: What routing issues could cause network instability in this configuration?

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two BGP routes to 10.143.83.0/24 exist via 192.168.10.1 and 192.168.76.1 with identical attributes. However, the BGP session with 192.168.10.1 has not sent keepalives for over 3 minutes.
2. Analysis: BGP hold time is typically 180 seconds (3 minutes). If keepalives are not received within the hold time, the session should be torn down and routes withdrawn. A stale route persisting indicates a TCP session stuck in ESTABLISHED state without actual data flow.
3. Context: This is a classic 'stuck BGP session' scenario. The router still has the route in the RIB, but if the peer is actually down, traffic sent via 192.168.10.1 will be dropped. This causes intermittent connectivity issues that are hard to diagnose.
4. Recommendation: Clear the BGP session with 192.168.10.1 using 'clear ip bgp 192.168.10.1'. Verify underlying IP connectivity with ping and traceroute. Check for MTU mismatches or ACLs blocking TCP port 179. Consider reducing hold time for faster failure detection.
</reasoning>
<answer>
CRITICAL: Stale BGP ECMP path for 10.143.83.0/24. Session with 192.168.10.1 has not sent keepalives within hold time. Route persists due to stuck TCP session. Clear BGP session and verify underlying connectivity.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
D    10.164.159.0/28 [90/825] via 192.168.167.169
D    10.16.254.0/26 [90/922] via 192.168.111.218
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
D    10.83.80.0/17 [90/254] via 192.168.131.103
D    10.110.247.0/24 [90/314] via 192.168.42.1
D    10.175.46.0/18 [90/653] via 192.168.96.22
D    10.110.247.0/24 [90/440] via 192.168.86.1

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two EIGRP routes to 10.110.247.0/24 exist with metrics 314 and 440. The successor is via 192.168.42.1 with metric 314.
2. Analysis: EIGRP does not perform ECMP by default when metrics are unequal. Unequal-cost load balancing requires the 'variance' command. Without it, only the successor (lowest metric) is used for forwarding.
3. Context: The feasible successor via 192.168.86.1 is available but inactive for forwarding. This wastes the redundant path capacity. If the primary path fails, EIGRP will converge to the backup, but until then bandwidth is underutilized.
4. Recommendation: If unequal-cost load balancing is desired, configure 'variance 2' under the EIGRP process. If equal-cost is desired, standardize bandwidth and delay parameters across all paths to 10.110.247.0/24.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Asymmetric EIGRP ECMP for 10.110.247.0/24. Metrics 314 and 440 are unequal. No variance configured. Only successor via 192.168.42.1 is active. Configure variance or equalize metrics.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
B    10.180.208.0/30 [20/1] via 192.168.26.89
B    10.128.250.0/22 [20/3] via 192.168.251.117
B    10.110.166.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.16.1
B    10.23.74.0/24 [20/10] via 192.168.146.179
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
B    10.110.166.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.83.1
B    10.141.209.0/19 [20/0] via 192.168.4.106

Question: What routing issues could cause network instability in this configuration?

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two BGP routes to 10.110.166.0/24 exist via 192.168.16.1 and 192.168.83.1 with identical attributes. However, the BGP session with 192.168.16.1 has not sent keepalives for over 3 minutes.
2. Analysis: BGP hold time is typically 180 seconds (3 minutes). If keepalives are not received within the hold time, the session should be torn down and routes withdrawn. A stale route persisting indicates a TCP session stuck in ESTABLISHED state without actual data flow.
3. Context: This is a classic 'stuck BGP session' scenario. The router still has the route in the RIB, but if the peer is actually down, traffic sent via 192.168.16.1 will be dropped. This causes intermittent connectivity issues that are hard to diagnose.
4. Recommendation: Clear the BGP session with 192.168.16.1 using 'clear ip bgp 192.168.16.1'. Verify underlying IP connectivity with ping and traceroute. Check for MTU mismatches or ACLs blocking TCP port 179. Consider reducing hold time for faster failure detection.
</reasoning>
<answer>
CRITICAL: Stale BGP ECMP path for 10.110.166.0/24. Session with 192.168.16.1 has not sent keepalives within hold time. Route persists due to stuck TCP session. Clear BGP session and verify underlying connectivity.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
O    10.119.102.0/24 [110/5] via 192.168.100.1, 23:12:44, Loopback50
O    10.220.11.0/20 [110/12] via 192.168.171.102, 18:33:14, Loopback46
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.3.206.0/19 [110/3] via 192.168.49.151, 21:38:31, GigabitEthernet3/0
O    10.207.220.0/27 [110/6] via 192.168.155.139, 14:11:27, Loopback24
O    10.119.102.0/24 [110/5] via 192.168.21.1, 23:27:53, Serial3/1:0

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: The RIB shows two equal-cost OSPF routes to 10.119.102.0/24 via 192.168.21.1 and 192.168.100.1. However, 'show ip cef 10.119.102.0/24' displays only one path in the FIB.
2. Analysis: CEF derives ECMP paths from the RIB, but hardware limitations, CEF polarization, or platform-specific maximum-paths constraints can cause CEF to install fewer paths than the RIB. Some platforms limit ECMP to 8 or 16 paths.
3. Context: This creates a forwarding/RIB inconsistency. Control plane believes load balancing is active, but data plane uses only one path. Traffic engineering and capacity planning based on ECMP assumptions will be incorrect.
4. Recommendation: Verify platform ECMP limits with 'show ip cef maximum-count'. Check for CEF polarization using 'show ip cef 10.119.102.0/24 internal'. If hardware-limited, consider using per-flow load balancing or upgrading platform. Ensure 'maximum-paths' is configured correctly under the routing protocol.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: CEF ECMP mismatch for 10.119.102.0/24. RIB has 2 paths but CEF FIB shows only 1. Hardware limit or CEF polarization suspected. Verify 'show ip cef maximum-count' and platform ECMP limits. Traffic is not truly load-balanced.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
O    10.125.35.0/24 [110/4] via 192.168.81.1, 15:51:23, FastEthernet3/0
O    10.180.12.0/23 [110/6] via 192.168.128.30, 12:49:45, FastEthernet3/0
O    10.55.107.0/17 [110/19] via 192.168.210.128, 02:52:46, GigabitEthernet1/3
O    10.125.35.0/24 [110/4] via 192.168.37.1, 19:44:06, Loopback79
O    10.116.198.0/20 [110/12] via 192.168.205.58, 12:15:30, FastEthernet0/1
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: The RIB shows two equal-cost OSPF routes to 10.125.35.0/24 via 192.168.37.1 and 192.168.81.1. However, 'show ip cef 10.125.35.0/24' displays only one path in the FIB.
2. Analysis: CEF derives ECMP paths from the RIB, but hardware limitations, CEF polarization, or platform-specific maximum-paths constraints can cause CEF to install fewer paths than the RIB. Some platforms limit ECMP to 8 or 16 paths.
3. Context: This creates a forwarding/RIB inconsistency. Control plane believes load balancing is active, but data plane uses only one path. Traffic engineering and capacity planning based on ECMP assumptions will be incorrect.
4. Recommendation: Verify platform ECMP limits with 'show ip cef maximum-count'. Check for CEF polarization using 'show ip cef 10.125.35.0/24 internal'. If hardware-limited, consider using per-flow load balancing or upgrading platform. Ensure 'maximum-paths' is configured correctly under the routing protocol.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: CEF ECMP mismatch for 10.125.35.0/24. RIB has 2 paths but CEF FIB shows only 1. Hardware limit or CEF polarization suspected. Verify 'show ip cef maximum-count' and platform ECMP limits. Traffic is not truly load-balanced.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
D    10.92.120.0/24 [90/392] via 192.168.134.1
D    10.92.120.0/24 [90/254] via 192.168.82.1
D    10.126.34.0/26 [90/963] via 192.168.108.128
D    10.89.73.0/18 [90/176] via 192.168.25.88
D    10.92.120.0/24 [90/173] via 192.168.48.1
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Three EIGRP routes to 10.92.120.0/24 have metrics 173, 254, and 392. Current variance is 2, which allows paths with metric up to 346.
2. Analysis: With variance 2, the maximum acceptable metric is 346. Path via 192.168.82.1 has metric 254 (within range), but path via 192.168.134.1 has metric 392 (exceeds range). Therefore, only two paths participate in unequal-cost load balancing.
3. Context: The third path is completely unused despite being a valid feasible successor. This underutilizes available capacity. If the variance was intended to include all three paths, it is insufficient.
4. Recommendation: Increase variance to 3 to include all three paths. Alternatively, if only two paths are desired, verify the design intent and remove or suppress the third path to avoid confusion.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: EIGRP variance 2 too low for 10.92.120.0/24. Metric 392 via 192.168.134.1 exceeds variance limit (346). Only 2 of 3 paths are active. Increase variance to 3 or verify design intent.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
D    10.66.8.0/24 [90/352] via 192.168.48.1
D    10.66.8.0/24 [90/352] via 192.168.54.1
D    10.73.198.0/16 [90/479] via 192.168.84.96
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
D    10.1.247.0/18 [90/268] via 192.168.77.153

Question: Does this routing table have any routing inconsistencies?

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two EIGRP routes to 10.66.8.0/24 exist with equal metrics (352) via 192.168.48.1 and 192.168.54.1. However, 'show ip eigrp topology' reveals the route via 192.168.48.1 has not been updated for over 15 minutes.
2. Analysis: EIGRP uses hold timers (default 15 seconds on high-speed links, 180 on low-speed) to determine neighbor validity. A route persisting beyond the hold time without hello packets indicates a silent failure or unidirectional link.
3. Context: EIGRP may retain a stale route in the topology table if the neighbor is not properly declared dead. This can happen with stuck-in-active (SIA) conditions or when hello packets are lost but data packets still flow.
4. Recommendation: Check EIGRP neighbor status with 'show ip eigrp neighbors'. Verify hold time and hello interval on interfaces toward 192.168.48.1. Investigate for unidirectional link failures or SIA events.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Stale EIGRP ECMP path for 10.66.8.0/24. Route via 192.168.48.1 has not been refreshed beyond hold time. Verify EIGRP neighbor adjacency and interface counters. Potential SIA or unidirectional link failure.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
O    10.35.223.0/24 [110/4] via 192.168.69.1, 02:08:41, Port-channel4
O    10.231.224.0/30 [110/13] via 192.168.88.242, 07:15:05, FastEthernet0/1
O    10.116.120.0/16 [110/19] via 192.168.50.243, 18:06:02, Serial3/1:0
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.36.185.0/25 [110/9] via 192.168.215.174, 17:41:00, Port-channel6
O    10.35.223.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.33.1, 18:38:53, GigabitEthernet0/1
O    10.35.223.0/24 [110/9] via 192.168.117.1, 12:39:03, Serial1/1:1

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Three OSPF routes to 10.35.223.0/24 exist with metrics 2, 4, and 9 via 192.168.33.1, 192.168.69.1, and 192.168.117.1 respectively.
2. Analysis: OSPF supports up to 16 equal-cost paths by default, but all paths must have identical cost. The metric spread of 7 means only the best path (metric 2 via 192.168.33.1) will be used. The other two paths are feasible successors but not used for ECMP.
3. Context: This wastes two redundant links. If the intent was true ECMP across three links, the costs must be identical. The current configuration provides backup but no load distribution.
4. Recommendation: Standardize OSPF auto-cost reference bandwidth or manually set 'ip ospf cost' to the same value on all three interfaces. Verify interface bandwidth settings are consistent.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Unequal OSPF ECMP for 10.35.223.0/24. Metrics 2, 4, 9 prevent true load balancing. Only path via 192.168.33.1 (metric 2) is active. Standardize OSPF costs across GigabitEthernet0/1, Port-channel4, Serial1/1:1.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
O    10.30.123.0/25 [110/11] via 192.168.126.238, 12:06:33, Port-channel8
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.58.97.0/29 [110/15] via 192.168.22.209, 06:42:19, GigabitEthernet1/2
O    10.140.63.0/30 [110/17] via 192.168.249.53, 16:39:15, Loopback32
O    10.119.216.0/18 [110/10] via 192.168.246.249, 15:09:54, Port-channel3
O    10.80.56.0/24 [110/6] via 192.168.8.1, 17:15:28, Port-channel5
O    10.116.165.0/22 [110/9] via 192.168.64.98, 09:33:07, Loopback64

Question: What routing issues could cause network instability in this configuration?

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: The RIB shows 10.80.56.0/24 reachable via 192.168.8.1 on Port-channel5. CEF shows this prefix with 'punt' or 'glean' adjacency instead of a resolved MAC address.
2. Analysis: CEF 'glean' adjacency means the router needs to perform an ARP lookup for 192.168.8.1 before forwarding. 'Punt' means packets are sent to the CPU for processing. Both indicate the Layer 2 next-hop is not fully resolved.
3. Context: Every packet to 10.80.56.0/24 triggers an ARP request or CPU punt, causing severe performance degradation. This commonly occurs when the next-hop is reachable but ARP is failing due to proxy-ARP being disabled, VLAN mismatch, or MAC address table overflow.
4. Recommendation: Verify ARP entry for 192.168.8.1 with 'show ip arp 192.168.8.1'. If missing, check L2 connectivity on Port-channel5. Ensure proxy-ARP is enabled if required. Check for MAC flapping or CAM table exhaustion on the switch.
</reasoning>
<answer>
CRITICAL: CEF adjacency incomplete for 10.80.56.0/24. Next-hop 192.168.8.1 shows 'glean'/'punt' in CEF instead of resolved MAC. Every packet punts to CPU. Verify ARP, L2 connectivity on Port-channel5, and proxy-ARP settings.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
O    10.4.237.0/24 [110/6] via 192.168.82.1, 13:41:12, Port-channel4
O    10.176.221.0/17 [110/7] via 192.168.112.188, 21:30:53, Serial2/0:0
O    10.4.237.0/24 [110/4] via 192.168.39.1, 07:17:43, Port-channel7
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.4.237.0/24 [110/8] via 192.168.126.1, 21:09:35, Serial1/0:1
O    10.13.72.0/17 [110/13] via 192.168.148.79, 23:57:49, Loopback7

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Three OSPF routes to 10.4.237.0/24 exist with metrics 4, 6, and 8 via 192.168.39.1, 192.168.82.1, and 192.168.126.1 respectively.
2. Analysis: OSPF supports up to 16 equal-cost paths by default, but all paths must have identical cost. The metric spread of 4 means only the best path (metric 4 via 192.168.39.1) will be used. The other two paths are feasible successors but not used for ECMP.
3. Context: This wastes two redundant links. If the intent was true ECMP across three links, the costs must be identical. The current configuration provides backup but no load distribution.
4. Recommendation: Standardize OSPF auto-cost reference bandwidth or manually set 'ip ospf cost' to the same value on all three interfaces. Verify interface bandwidth settings are consistent.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Unequal OSPF ECMP for 10.4.237.0/24. Metrics 4, 6, 8 prevent true load balancing. Only path via 192.168.39.1 (metric 4) is active. Standardize OSPF costs across Port-channel7, Port-channel4, Serial1/0:1.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
O    10.105.111.0/17 [110/10] via 192.168.186.31, 17:23:02, Loopback89
O    10.2.210.0/24 [110/3] via 192.168.45.1, 23:57:19, Loopback35
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.94.54.0/20 [110/17] via 192.168.2.215, 20:12:51, GigabitEthernet1/3
O    10.84.209.0/16 [110/13] via 192.168.96.150, 04:02:24, Loopback41
O    10.21.188.0/18 [110/18] via 192.168.168.220, 03:08:47, Loopback63

Question: Does this routing table have any routing inconsistencies?

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: The RIB contains an OSPF route to 10.2.210.0/24 via 192.168.45.1 on Loopback35. However, 'show ip cef 10.2.210.0/24' returns 'no route' or 'unresolved'.
2. Analysis: CEF builds its Forwarding Information Base (FIB) from the RIB, but discrepancies can occur due to: (a) CEF being disabled on the interface, (b) an ARP resolution failure for 192.168.45.1, (c) a CEF table corruption, or (d) a recursive routing loop preventing FIB installation.
3. Context: When CEF and RIB disagree, the router falls back to process switching for that destination, causing high CPU usage and packet drops under load. This severely impacts performance for traffic to 10.2.210.0/24.
4. Recommendation: Verify CEF is enabled globally ('ip cef') and on Loopback35 ('ip route-cache cef'). Check ARP table for 192.168.45.1. If ARP is missing, verify L2 connectivity. Clear CEF table with 'clear ip cef *' if corruption is suspected.
</reasoning>
<answer>
CRITICAL: CEF/RIB mismatch for 10.2.210.0/24. Route exists in RIB via 192.168.45.1 but missing from CEF FIB. Router falls back to process switching. Verify CEF enablement, ARP resolution for 192.168.45.1, and clear CEF if corrupted.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
O    10.6.227.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.60.1, 13:52:20, Port-channel1
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.160.41.0/19 [110/9] via 192.168.221.58, 15:05:38, Loopback13
O    10.94.188.0/28 [110/17] via 192.168.201.159, 05:12:02, Port-channel8
O    10.6.227.0/24 [110/8] via 192.168.29.1, 09:11:56, Port-channel6
O    10.64.105.0/17 [110/2] via 192.168.3.94, 19:13:42, Serial2/0:0
O    10.6.227.0/24 [110/15] via 192.168.143.1, 10:57:55, Loopback33

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Three OSPF routes to 10.6.227.0/24 exist with metrics 8, 11, and 15 via 192.168.29.1, 192.168.60.1, and 192.168.143.1 respectively.
2. Analysis: OSPF supports up to 16 equal-cost paths by default, but all paths must have identical cost. The metric spread of 7 means only the best path (metric 8 via 192.168.29.1) will be used. The other two paths are feasible successors but not used for ECMP.
3. Context: This wastes two redundant links. If the intent was true ECMP across three links, the costs must be identical. The current configuration provides backup but no load distribution.
4. Recommendation: Standardize OSPF auto-cost reference bandwidth or manually set 'ip ospf cost' to the same value on all three interfaces. Verify interface bandwidth settings are consistent.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Unequal OSPF ECMP for 10.6.227.0/24. Metrics 8, 11, 15 prevent true load balancing. Only path via 192.168.29.1 (metric 8) is active. Standardize OSPF costs across Port-channel6, Port-channel1, Loopback33.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
B    10.7.138.0/16 [20/2] via 192.168.54.86
B    10.66.219.0/24 [20/23] via 192.168.99.1
B    10.117.121.0/30 [20/1] via 192.168.140.200
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
B    10.66.219.0/24 [20/1] via 192.168.11.1

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two BGP routes to 10.66.219.0/24 exist via 192.168.11.1 (MED 1) and 192.168.99.1 (MED 23), both with AD 20.
2. Analysis: BGP uses MED for path selection when routes are from the same AS. With different MEDs, BGP will prefer the lower-MED path only. True ECMP for BGP requires identical best-path attributes (weight, local-pref, AS-path length, MED, IGP metric).
3. Context: The MED difference of 22 causes asymmetric routing. Traffic will flow primarily via 192.168.11.1, leaving the path via 192.168.99.1 underutilized. This defeats the purpose of dual-homing.
4. Recommendation: If ECMP is desired, ensure MED values are equal for both paths. Alternatively, configure maximum-paths under the BGP address family and verify all best-path attributes match.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Asymmetric BGP ECMP for 10.66.219.0/24. MED values differ (1 vs 23). Only path via 192.168.11.1 is preferred. Equalize MEDs or configure maximum-paths with matching attributes.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
D    10.60.144.0/24 [90/215] via 192.168.73.1
D    10.37.50.0/27 [90/679] via 192.168.211.48
D    10.60.144.0/24 [90/215] via 192.168.45.1
D    10.4.202.0/28 [90/271] via 192.168.214.55
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

Question: Does this routing table have any routing inconsistencies?

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two EIGRP routes to 10.60.144.0/24 exist with equal metrics (215) via 192.168.45.1 and 192.168.73.1. However, 'show ip eigrp topology' reveals the route via 192.168.45.1 has not been updated for over 15 minutes.
2. Analysis: EIGRP uses hold timers (default 15 seconds on high-speed links, 180 on low-speed) to determine neighbor validity. A route persisting beyond the hold time without hello packets indicates a silent failure or unidirectional link.
3. Context: EIGRP may retain a stale route in the topology table if the neighbor is not properly declared dead. This can happen with stuck-in-active (SIA) conditions or when hello packets are lost but data packets still flow.
4. Recommendation: Check EIGRP neighbor status with 'show ip eigrp neighbors'. Verify hold time and hello interval on interfaces toward 192.168.45.1. Investigate for unidirectional link failures or SIA events.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Stale EIGRP ECMP path for 10.60.144.0/24. Route via 192.168.45.1 has not been refreshed beyond hold time. Verify EIGRP neighbor adjacency and interface counters. Potential SIA or unidirectional link failure.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
B    10.110.2.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.14.1
B    10.110.2.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.87.1
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
B    10.245.211.0/16 [20/0] via 192.168.64.235
B    10.178.122.0/20 [20/1] via 192.168.202.86

Question: What routing issues could cause network instability in this configuration?

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two BGP routes to 10.110.2.0/24 exist via 192.168.14.1 and 192.168.87.1 with identical attributes. However, the BGP session with 192.168.14.1 has not sent keepalives for over 3 minutes.
2. Analysis: BGP hold time is typically 180 seconds (3 minutes). If keepalives are not received within the hold time, the session should be torn down and routes withdrawn. A stale route persisting indicates a TCP session stuck in ESTABLISHED state without actual data flow.
3. Context: This is a classic 'stuck BGP session' scenario. The router still has the route in the RIB, but if the peer is actually down, traffic sent via 192.168.14.1 will be dropped. This causes intermittent connectivity issues that are hard to diagnose.
4. Recommendation: Clear the BGP session with 192.168.14.1 using 'clear ip bgp 192.168.14.1'. Verify underlying IP connectivity with ping and traceroute. Check for MTU mismatches or ACLs blocking TCP port 179. Consider reducing hold time for faster failure detection.
</reasoning>
<answer>
CRITICAL: Stale BGP ECMP path for 10.110.2.0/24. Session with 192.168.14.1 has not sent keepalives within hold time. Route persists due to stuck TCP session. Clear BGP session and verify underlying connectivity.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
B    10.192.38.0/22 [20/10] via 192.168.255.124
B    10.132.15.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.75.1
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
B    10.92.81.0/24 [20/10] via 192.168.85.159
B    10.132.15.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.41.1

Question: What routing issues could cause network instability in this configuration?

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two BGP routes to 10.132.15.0/24 exist via 192.168.41.1 and 192.168.75.1 with identical attributes. However, the BGP session with 192.168.41.1 has not sent keepalives for over 3 minutes.
2. Analysis: BGP hold time is typically 180 seconds (3 minutes). If keepalives are not received within the hold time, the session should be torn down and routes withdrawn. A stale route persisting indicates a TCP session stuck in ESTABLISHED state without actual data flow.
3. Context: This is a classic 'stuck BGP session' scenario. The router still has the route in the RIB, but if the peer is actually down, traffic sent via 192.168.41.1 will be dropped. This causes intermittent connectivity issues that are hard to diagnose.
4. Recommendation: Clear the BGP session with 192.168.41.1 using 'clear ip bgp 192.168.41.1'. Verify underlying IP connectivity with ping and traceroute. Check for MTU mismatches or ACLs blocking TCP port 179. Consider reducing hold time for faster failure detection.
</reasoning>
<answer>
CRITICAL: Stale BGP ECMP path for 10.132.15.0/24. Session with 192.168.41.1 has not sent keepalives within hold time. Route persists due to stuck TCP session. Clear BGP session and verify underlying connectivity.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
O    10.9.93.0/24 [110/4] via 192.168.25.1, 00:45:13, Port-channel5
O    10.95.8.0/18 [110/8] via 192.168.23.176, 18:06:13, Serial1/1:0
O    10.145.194.0/21 [110/15] via 192.168.219.143, 02:52:41, Loopback51
O    10.9.93.0/24 [110/5] via 192.168.62.1, 19:13:53, GigabitEthernet2/0
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.9.93.0/24 [110/8] via 192.168.144.1, 01:00:14, Loopback97

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Three OSPF routes to 10.9.93.0/24 exist with metrics 4, 5, and 8 via 192.168.25.1, 192.168.62.1, and 192.168.144.1 respectively.
2. Analysis: OSPF supports up to 16 equal-cost paths by default, but all paths must have identical cost. The metric spread of 4 means only the best path (metric 4 via 192.168.25.1) will be used. The other two paths are feasible successors but not used for ECMP.
3. Context: This wastes two redundant links. If the intent was true ECMP across three links, the costs must be identical. The current configuration provides backup but no load distribution.
4. Recommendation: Standardize OSPF auto-cost reference bandwidth or manually set 'ip ospf cost' to the same value on all three interfaces. Verify interface bandwidth settings are consistent.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Unequal OSPF ECMP for 10.9.93.0/24. Metrics 4, 5, 8 prevent true load balancing. Only path via 192.168.25.1 (metric 4) is active. Standardize OSPF costs across Port-channel5, GigabitEthernet2/0, Loopback97.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
D    10.241.214.0/25 [90/626] via 192.168.105.52
D    10.236.38.0/30 [90/722] via 192.168.219.215
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
D    10.71.141.0/24 [90/208] via 192.168.5.1
D    10.71.141.0/24 [90/208] via 192.168.72.1
D    10.188.135.0/26 [90/194] via 192.168.30.20

Question: Does this routing table have any routing inconsistencies?

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two EIGRP routes to 10.71.141.0/24 exist with equal metrics (208) via 192.168.5.1 and 192.168.72.1. However, 'show ip eigrp topology' reveals the route via 192.168.5.1 has not been updated for over 15 minutes.
2. Analysis: EIGRP uses hold timers (default 15 seconds on high-speed links, 180 on low-speed) to determine neighbor validity. A route persisting beyond the hold time without hello packets indicates a silent failure or unidirectional link.
3. Context: EIGRP may retain a stale route in the topology table if the neighbor is not properly declared dead. This can happen with stuck-in-active (SIA) conditions or when hello packets are lost but data packets still flow.
4. Recommendation: Check EIGRP neighbor status with 'show ip eigrp neighbors'. Verify hold time and hello interval on interfaces toward 192.168.5.1. Investigate for unidirectional link failures or SIA events.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Stale EIGRP ECMP path for 10.71.141.0/24. Route via 192.168.5.1 has not been refreshed beyond hold time. Verify EIGRP neighbor adjacency and interface counters. Potential SIA or unidirectional link failure.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
O    10.27.85.0/24 [110/5] via 192.168.30.1, 10:05:56, GigabitEthernet3/2
O    10.101.155.0/21 [110/8] via 192.168.167.75, 06:42:39, Loopback38
O    10.59.112.0/27 [110/20] via 192.168.250.83, 18:01:37, GigabitEthernet2/2
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.39.83.0/30 [110/9] via 192.168.208.106, 18:17:46, FastEthernet3/1
O    10.86.10.0/16 [110/9] via 192.168.111.160, 07:24:49, FastEthernet1/2

Question: Does this routing table have any routing inconsistencies?

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: The RIB contains an OSPF route to 10.27.85.0/24 via 192.168.30.1 on GigabitEthernet3/2. However, 'show ip cef 10.27.85.0/24' returns 'no route' or 'unresolved'.
2. Analysis: CEF builds its Forwarding Information Base (FIB) from the RIB, but discrepancies can occur due to: (a) CEF being disabled on the interface, (b) an ARP resolution failure for 192.168.30.1, (c) a CEF table corruption, or (d) a recursive routing loop preventing FIB installation.
3. Context: When CEF and RIB disagree, the router falls back to process switching for that destination, causing high CPU usage and packet drops under load. This severely impacts performance for traffic to 10.27.85.0/24.
4. Recommendation: Verify CEF is enabled globally ('ip cef') and on GigabitEthernet3/2 ('ip route-cache cef'). Check ARP table for 192.168.30.1. If ARP is missing, verify L2 connectivity. Clear CEF table with 'clear ip cef *' if corruption is suspected.
</reasoning>
<answer>
CRITICAL: CEF/RIB mismatch for 10.27.85.0/24. Route exists in RIB via 192.168.30.1 but missing from CEF FIB. Router falls back to process switching. Verify CEF enablement, ARP resolution for 192.168.30.1, and clear CEF if corrupted.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
O    10.36.204.0/24 [110/9] via 192.168.44.1, 07:29:47, Serial2/0:0
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.36.204.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.74.1, 13:20:48, GigabitEthernet1/2
O    10.77.173.0/23 [110/12] via 192.168.239.103, 06:14:31, FastEthernet3/0
O    10.36.204.0/24 [110/14] via 192.168.102.1, 01:15:22, FastEthernet1/2
O    10.250.125.0/21 [110/9] via 192.168.122.227, 11:09:04, FastEthernet3/1

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Three OSPF routes to 10.36.204.0/24 exist with metrics 9, 11, and 14 via 192.168.44.1, 192.168.74.1, and 192.168.102.1 respectively.
2. Analysis: OSPF supports up to 16 equal-cost paths by default, but all paths must have identical cost. The metric spread of 5 means only the best path (metric 9 via 192.168.44.1) will be used. The other two paths are feasible successors but not used for ECMP.
3. Context: This wastes two redundant links. If the intent was true ECMP across three links, the costs must be identical. The current configuration provides backup but no load distribution.
4. Recommendation: Standardize OSPF auto-cost reference bandwidth or manually set 'ip ospf cost' to the same value on all three interfaces. Verify interface bandwidth settings are consistent.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Unequal OSPF ECMP for 10.36.204.0/24. Metrics 9, 11, 14 prevent true load balancing. Only path via 192.168.44.1 (metric 9) is active. Standardize OSPF costs across Serial2/0:0, GigabitEthernet1/2, FastEthernet1/2.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
D    10.167.96.0/21 [90/235] via 192.168.241.38
D    10.25.229.0/19 [90/276] via 192.168.22.26
D    10.194.12.0/21 [90/360] via 192.168.119.65
D    10.147.121.0/21 [90/985] via 192.168.160.27
D    10.76.52.0/24 [90/199] via 192.168.38.1
D    10.16.254.0/20 [90/150] via 192.168.119.78
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
D    10.76.52.0/24 [90/199] via 192.168.60.1

Question: Does this routing table have any routing inconsistencies?

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two EIGRP routes to 10.76.52.0/24 exist with equal metrics (199) via 192.168.38.1 and 192.168.60.1. However, 'show ip eigrp topology' reveals the route via 192.168.38.1 has not been updated for over 15 minutes.
2. Analysis: EIGRP uses hold timers (default 15 seconds on high-speed links, 180 on low-speed) to determine neighbor validity. A route persisting beyond the hold time without hello packets indicates a silent failure or unidirectional link.
3. Context: EIGRP may retain a stale route in the topology table if the neighbor is not properly declared dead. This can happen with stuck-in-active (SIA) conditions or when hello packets are lost but data packets still flow.
4. Recommendation: Check EIGRP neighbor status with 'show ip eigrp neighbors'. Verify hold time and hello interval on interfaces toward 192.168.38.1. Investigate for unidirectional link failures or SIA events.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Stale EIGRP ECMP path for 10.76.52.0/24. Route via 192.168.38.1 has not been refreshed beyond hold time. Verify EIGRP neighbor adjacency and interface counters. Potential SIA or unidirectional link failure.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
B    10.82.231.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.47.1
B    10.247.243.0/29 [20/6] via 192.168.140.165
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
B    10.82.231.0/24 [20/38] via 192.168.65.1
B    10.137.59.0/21 [20/5] via 192.168.184.18

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two BGP routes to 10.82.231.0/24 exist via 192.168.47.1 (MED 0) and 192.168.65.1 (MED 38), both with AD 20.
2. Analysis: BGP uses MED for path selection when routes are from the same AS. With different MEDs, BGP will prefer the lower-MED path only. True ECMP for BGP requires identical best-path attributes (weight, local-pref, AS-path length, MED, IGP metric).
3. Context: The MED difference of 38 causes asymmetric routing. Traffic will flow primarily via 192.168.47.1, leaving the path via 192.168.65.1 underutilized. This defeats the purpose of dual-homing.
4. Recommendation: If ECMP is desired, ensure MED values are equal for both paths. Alternatively, configure maximum-paths under the BGP address family and verify all best-path attributes match.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Asymmetric BGP ECMP for 10.82.231.0/24. MED values differ (0 vs 38). Only path via 192.168.47.1 is preferred. Equalize MEDs or configure maximum-paths with matching attributes.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
D    10.25.30.0/20 [90/421] via 192.168.111.192
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
D    10.143.37.0/24 [90/239] via 192.168.66.1
D    10.143.37.0/24 [90/113] via 192.168.12.1
D    10.127.254.0/21 [90/320] via 192.168.215.231

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two EIGRP routes to 10.143.37.0/24 exist with metrics 113 and 239. The successor is via 192.168.12.1 with metric 113.
2. Analysis: EIGRP does not perform ECMP by default when metrics are unequal. Unequal-cost load balancing requires the 'variance' command. Without it, only the successor (lowest metric) is used for forwarding.
3. Context: The feasible successor via 192.168.66.1 is available but inactive for forwarding. This wastes the redundant path capacity. If the primary path fails, EIGRP will converge to the backup, but until then bandwidth is underutilized.
4. Recommendation: If unequal-cost load balancing is desired, configure 'variance 3' under the EIGRP process. If equal-cost is desired, standardize bandwidth and delay parameters across all paths to 10.143.37.0/24.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Asymmetric EIGRP ECMP for 10.143.37.0/24. Metrics 113 and 239 are unequal. No variance configured. Only successor via 192.168.12.1 is active. Configure variance or equalize metrics.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
D    10.56.54.0/29 [90/293] via 192.168.48.139
D    10.157.40.0/30 [90/938] via 192.168.192.145
D    10.15.106.0/24 [90/563] via 192.168.24.249
D    10.54.5.0/24 [90/238] via 192.168.80.1
D    10.193.51.0/25 [90/953] via 192.168.146.140
D    10.54.5.0/24 [90/238] via 192.168.31.1
D    10.230.49.0/19 [90/240] via 192.168.179.192
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

Question: Does this routing table have any routing inconsistencies?

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two EIGRP routes to 10.54.5.0/24 exist with equal metrics (238) via 192.168.31.1 and 192.168.80.1. However, 'show ip eigrp topology' reveals the route via 192.168.31.1 has not been updated for over 15 minutes.
2. Analysis: EIGRP uses hold timers (default 15 seconds on high-speed links, 180 on low-speed) to determine neighbor validity. A route persisting beyond the hold time without hello packets indicates a silent failure or unidirectional link.
3. Context: EIGRP may retain a stale route in the topology table if the neighbor is not properly declared dead. This can happen with stuck-in-active (SIA) conditions or when hello packets are lost but data packets still flow.
4. Recommendation: Check EIGRP neighbor status with 'show ip eigrp neighbors'. Verify hold time and hello interval on interfaces toward 192.168.31.1. Investigate for unidirectional link failures or SIA events.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Stale EIGRP ECMP path for 10.54.5.0/24. Route via 192.168.31.1 has not been refreshed beyond hold time. Verify EIGRP neighbor adjacency and interface counters. Potential SIA or unidirectional link failure.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
B    10.192.227.0/30 [20/4] via 192.168.60.187
B    10.184.41.0/21 [20/9] via 192.168.252.32
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
B    10.94.122.0/24 [20/3] via 192.168.44.1
B    10.98.64.0/24 [20/7] via 192.168.71.207
B    10.134.75.0/21 [20/10] via 192.168.60.162
B    10.94.122.0/24 [20/23] via 192.168.78.1
B    10.53.204.0/23 [20/7] via 192.168.209.189

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two BGP routes to 10.94.122.0/24 exist via 192.168.44.1 (MED 3) and 192.168.78.1 (MED 23), both with AD 20.
2. Analysis: BGP uses MED for path selection when routes are from the same AS. With different MEDs, BGP will prefer the lower-MED path only. True ECMP for BGP requires identical best-path attributes (weight, local-pref, AS-path length, MED, IGP metric).
3. Context: The MED difference of 20 causes asymmetric routing. Traffic will flow primarily via 192.168.44.1, leaving the path via 192.168.78.1 underutilized. This defeats the purpose of dual-homing.
4. Recommendation: If ECMP is desired, ensure MED values are equal for both paths. Alternatively, configure maximum-paths under the BGP address family and verify all best-path attributes match.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Asymmetric BGP ECMP for 10.94.122.0/24. MED values differ (3 vs 23). Only path via 192.168.44.1 is preferred. Equalize MEDs or configure maximum-paths with matching attributes.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
B    10.122.162.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.94.1, AS_PATH: 65002 65003
B    10.35.86.0/21 [20/6] via 192.168.43.47
B    10.29.85.0/17 [20/3] via 192.168.21.44
B    10.134.80.0/22 [20/8] via 192.168.205.75
B    10.129.104.0/16 [20/5] via 192.168.110.202
B    10.122.162.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.7.1, AS_PATH: 65001
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
B    10.0.71.0/21 [20/10] via 192.168.161.159

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two BGP routes to 10.122.162.0/24 exist via 192.168.7.1 (AS_PATH: 65001) and 192.168.94.1 (AS_PATH: 65002 65003). Both have local-pref 100 and weight 0.
2. Analysis: BGP path selection prefers shorter AS_PATH. The route via 192.168.7.1 has AS_PATH length 1, while the route via 192.168.94.1 has length 2. Therefore, only the path via 192.168.7.1 is selected as best path. ECMP requires all compared attributes to be identical up to the point of divergence.
3. Context: Even with 'maximum-paths 2' configured, BGP will not install the second path because AS_PATH lengths differ. The router is single-homed in terms of active forwarding, defeating redundancy.
4. Recommendation: If true ECMP is desired, manipulate AS_PATH to be equal (e.g., using AS_PATH prepending on the preferred path) or adjust local-preference/weight. Alternatively, accept single best-path behavior if design intent is primary/backup.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: BGP unequal-cost paths for 10.122.162.0/24. AS_PATH lengths differ (1 vs 2). 'maximum-paths' will not help. Equalize AS_PATH or use local-preference for true ECMP.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
B    10.125.242.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.65.1, AS_PATH: 65002 65003
B    10.125.242.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.22.1, AS_PATH: 65001
B    10.1.14.0/29 [20/1] via 192.168.199.92
B    10.101.91.0/28 [20/8] via 192.168.205.97
B    10.113.155.0/30 [20/1] via 192.168.39.239
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two BGP routes to 10.125.242.0/24 exist via 192.168.22.1 (AS_PATH: 65001) and 192.168.65.1 (AS_PATH: 65002 65003). Both have local-pref 100 and weight 0.
2. Analysis: BGP path selection prefers shorter AS_PATH. The route via 192.168.22.1 has AS_PATH length 1, while the route via 192.168.65.1 has length 2. Therefore, only the path via 192.168.22.1 is selected as best path. ECMP requires all compared attributes to be identical up to the point of divergence.
3. Context: Even with 'maximum-paths 2' configured, BGP will not install the second path because AS_PATH lengths differ. The router is single-homed in terms of active forwarding, defeating redundancy.
4. Recommendation: If true ECMP is desired, manipulate AS_PATH to be equal (e.g., using AS_PATH prepending on the preferred path) or adjust local-preference/weight. Alternatively, accept single best-path behavior if design intent is primary/backup.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: BGP unequal-cost paths for 10.125.242.0/24. AS_PATH lengths differ (1 vs 2). 'maximum-paths' will not help. Equalize AS_PATH or use local-preference for true ECMP.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
B    10.140.118.0/19 [20/10] via 192.168.223.243
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
B    10.153.172.0/16 [20/7] via 192.168.102.192
B    10.22.156.0/27 [20/9] via 192.168.83.177
B    10.90.211.0/24 [20/45] via 192.168.83.1
B    10.236.176.0/24 [20/10] via 192.168.44.118
B    10.90.211.0/24 [20/3] via 192.168.2.1

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two BGP routes to 10.90.211.0/24 exist via 192.168.2.1 (MED 3) and 192.168.83.1 (MED 45), both with AD 20.
2. Analysis: BGP uses MED for path selection when routes are from the same AS. With different MEDs, BGP will prefer the lower-MED path only. True ECMP for BGP requires identical best-path attributes (weight, local-pref, AS-path length, MED, IGP metric).
3. Context: The MED difference of 42 causes asymmetric routing. Traffic will flow primarily via 192.168.2.1, leaving the path via 192.168.83.1 underutilized. This defeats the purpose of dual-homing.
4. Recommendation: If ECMP is desired, ensure MED values are equal for both paths. Alternatively, configure maximum-paths under the BGP address family and verify all best-path attributes match.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Asymmetric BGP ECMP for 10.90.211.0/24. MED values differ (3 vs 45). Only path via 192.168.2.1 is preferred. Equalize MEDs or configure maximum-paths with matching attributes.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
O    10.28.141.0/24 [110/4] via 192.168.35.1, 12:35:10, Port-channel1
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.220.232.0/19 [110/18] via 192.168.25.178, 10:52:39, Serial2/0:0
O    10.253.81.0/29 [110/8] via 192.168.189.59, 08:08:55, Serial0/0:0
O    10.53.229.0/25 [110/17] via 192.168.145.62, 15:18:55, FastEthernet1/2

Question: Does this routing table have any routing inconsistencies?

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: The RIB contains an OSPF route to 10.28.141.0/24 via 192.168.35.1 on Port-channel1. However, 'show ip cef 10.28.141.0/24' returns 'no route' or 'unresolved'.
2. Analysis: CEF builds its Forwarding Information Base (FIB) from the RIB, but discrepancies can occur due to: (a) CEF being disabled on the interface, (b) an ARP resolution failure for 192.168.35.1, (c) a CEF table corruption, or (d) a recursive routing loop preventing FIB installation.
3. Context: When CEF and RIB disagree, the router falls back to process switching for that destination, causing high CPU usage and packet drops under load. This severely impacts performance for traffic to 10.28.141.0/24.
4. Recommendation: Verify CEF is enabled globally ('ip cef') and on Port-channel1 ('ip route-cache cef'). Check ARP table for 192.168.35.1. If ARP is missing, verify L2 connectivity. Clear CEF table with 'clear ip cef *' if corruption is suspected.
</reasoning>
<answer>
CRITICAL: CEF/RIB mismatch for 10.28.141.0/24. Route exists in RIB via 192.168.35.1 but missing from CEF FIB. Router falls back to process switching. Verify CEF enablement, ARP resolution for 192.168.35.1, and clear CEF if corrupted.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
B    10.51.231.0/24 [20/28] via 192.168.99.1
B    10.51.231.0/24 [20/3] via 192.168.24.1
B    10.175.230.0/21 [20/10] via 192.168.3.189
B    10.211.226.0/19 [20/1] via 192.168.65.214

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two BGP routes to 10.51.231.0/24 exist via 192.168.24.1 (MED 3) and 192.168.99.1 (MED 28), both with AD 20.
2. Analysis: BGP uses MED for path selection when routes are from the same AS. With different MEDs, BGP will prefer the lower-MED path only. True ECMP for BGP requires identical best-path attributes (weight, local-pref, AS-path length, MED, IGP metric).
3. Context: The MED difference of 25 causes asymmetric routing. Traffic will flow primarily via 192.168.24.1, leaving the path via 192.168.99.1 underutilized. This defeats the purpose of dual-homing.
4. Recommendation: If ECMP is desired, ensure MED values are equal for both paths. Alternatively, configure maximum-paths under the BGP address family and verify all best-path attributes match.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Asymmetric BGP ECMP for 10.51.231.0/24. MED values differ (3 vs 28). Only path via 192.168.24.1 is preferred. Equalize MEDs or configure maximum-paths with matching attributes.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
D    10.132.26.0/24 [90/619] via 192.168.70.1
D    10.22.245.0/23 [90/490] via 192.168.237.29
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
D    10.30.19.0/24 [90/684] via 192.168.60.64
D    10.49.16.0/22 [90/740] via 192.168.130.200
D    10.132.26.0/24 [90/496] via 192.168.39.1
D    10.208.36.0/16 [90/185] via 192.168.32.88
D    10.40.55.0/28 [90/913] via 192.168.219.130

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two EIGRP routes to 10.132.26.0/24 exist with metrics 496 and 619. The successor is via 192.168.39.1 with metric 496.
2. Analysis: EIGRP does not perform ECMP by default when metrics are unequal. Unequal-cost load balancing requires the 'variance' command. Without it, only the successor (lowest metric) is used for forwarding.
3. Context: The feasible successor via 192.168.70.1 is available but inactive for forwarding. This wastes the redundant path capacity. If the primary path fails, EIGRP will converge to the backup, but until then bandwidth is underutilized.
4. Recommendation: If unequal-cost load balancing is desired, configure 'variance 2' under the EIGRP process. If equal-cost is desired, standardize bandwidth and delay parameters across all paths to 10.132.26.0/24.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Asymmetric EIGRP ECMP for 10.132.26.0/24. Metrics 496 and 619 are unequal. No variance configured. Only successor via 192.168.39.1 is active. Configure variance or equalize metrics.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
O    10.206.90.0/25 [110/13] via 192.168.195.129, 11:01:52, Loopback14
O    10.7.144.0/24 [110/10] via 192.168.76.1, 17:21:25, Loopback9
O    10.103.226.0/18 [110/13] via 192.168.85.214, 19:00:00, Port-channel6
O    10.7.144.0/24 [110/15] via 192.168.139.1, 03:58:29, GigabitEthernet2/0
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.7.144.0/24 [110/8] via 192.168.5.1, 06:30:01, FastEthernet2/0

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Three OSPF routes to 10.7.144.0/24 exist with metrics 8, 10, and 15 via 192.168.5.1, 192.168.76.1, and 192.168.139.1 respectively.
2. Analysis: OSPF supports up to 16 equal-cost paths by default, but all paths must have identical cost. The metric spread of 7 means only the best path (metric 8 via 192.168.5.1) will be used. The other two paths are feasible successors but not used for ECMP.
3. Context: This wastes two redundant links. If the intent was true ECMP across three links, the costs must be identical. The current configuration provides backup but no load distribution.
4. Recommendation: Standardize OSPF auto-cost reference bandwidth or manually set 'ip ospf cost' to the same value on all three interfaces. Verify interface bandwidth settings are consistent.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Unequal OSPF ECMP for 10.7.144.0/24. Metrics 8, 10, 15 prevent true load balancing. Only path via 192.168.5.1 (metric 8) is active. Standardize OSPF costs across FastEthernet2/0, Loopback9, GigabitEthernet2/0.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
O    10.16.126.0/24 [110/12] via 192.168.53.1, 10:04:02, Loopback21
O    10.197.140.0/30 [110/15] via 192.168.130.136, 11:40:36, Port-channel4
O    10.16.126.0/24 [110/15] via 192.168.119.1, 20:15:14, Loopback93
O    10.16.126.0/24 [110/9] via 192.168.40.1, 15:38:56, Port-channel5
O    10.151.237.0/18 [110/17] via 192.168.38.154, 08:41:37, FastEthernet3/0
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Three OSPF routes to 10.16.126.0/24 exist with metrics 9, 12, and 15 via 192.168.40.1, 192.168.53.1, and 192.168.119.1 respectively.
2. Analysis: OSPF supports up to 16 equal-cost paths by default, but all paths must have identical cost. The metric spread of 6 means only the best path (metric 9 via 192.168.40.1) will be used. The other two paths are feasible successors but not used for ECMP.
3. Context: This wastes two redundant links. If the intent was true ECMP across three links, the costs must be identical. The current configuration provides backup but no load distribution.
4. Recommendation: Standardize OSPF auto-cost reference bandwidth or manually set 'ip ospf cost' to the same value on all three interfaces. Verify interface bandwidth settings are consistent.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Unequal OSPF ECMP for 10.16.126.0/24. Metrics 9, 12, 15 prevent true load balancing. Only path via 192.168.40.1 (metric 9) is active. Standardize OSPF costs across Port-channel5, Loopback21, Loopback93.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
D    10.146.165.0/29 [90/322] via 192.168.66.94
D    10.224.15.0/18 [90/637] via 192.168.153.179
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
D    10.141.76.0/24 [90/249] via 192.168.64.1
D    10.201.11.0/29 [90/856] via 192.168.227.93
D    10.14.252.0/29 [90/113] via 192.168.28.218
D    10.141.76.0/24 [90/124] via 192.168.13.1

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two EIGRP routes to 10.141.76.0/24 exist with metrics 124 and 249. The successor is via 192.168.13.1 with metric 124.
2. Analysis: EIGRP does not perform ECMP by default when metrics are unequal. Unequal-cost load balancing requires the 'variance' command. Without it, only the successor (lowest metric) is used for forwarding.
3. Context: The feasible successor via 192.168.64.1 is available but inactive for forwarding. This wastes the redundant path capacity. If the primary path fails, EIGRP will converge to the backup, but until then bandwidth is underutilized.
4. Recommendation: If unequal-cost load balancing is desired, configure 'variance 3' under the EIGRP process. If equal-cost is desired, standardize bandwidth and delay parameters across all paths to 10.141.76.0/24.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Asymmetric EIGRP ECMP for 10.141.76.0/24. Metrics 124 and 249 are unequal. No variance configured. Only successor via 192.168.13.1 is active. Configure variance or equalize metrics.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.64.78.0/21 [110/11] via 192.168.76.83, 04:35:08, Loopback10
O    10.72.230.0/22 [110/5] via 192.168.130.68, 21:40:50, GigabitEthernet1/3
O    10.55.231.0/30 [110/3] via 192.168.27.17, 14:44:17, Serial2/0:1
O    10.220.188.0/28 [110/17] via 192.168.207.44, 04:41:07, GigabitEthernet3/0
O    10.146.251.0/24 [110/4] via 192.168.45.1, 22:09:33, FastEthernet0/3
O    10.146.251.0/24 [110/4] via 192.168.70.1, 16:37:13, GigabitEthernet1/2

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: The RIB shows two equal-cost OSPF routes to 10.146.251.0/24 via 192.168.45.1 and 192.168.70.1. However, 'show ip cef 10.146.251.0/24' displays only one path in the FIB.
2. Analysis: CEF derives ECMP paths from the RIB, but hardware limitations, CEF polarization, or platform-specific maximum-paths constraints can cause CEF to install fewer paths than the RIB. Some platforms limit ECMP to 8 or 16 paths.
3. Context: This creates a forwarding/RIB inconsistency. Control plane believes load balancing is active, but data plane uses only one path. Traffic engineering and capacity planning based on ECMP assumptions will be incorrect.
4. Recommendation: Verify platform ECMP limits with 'show ip cef maximum-count'. Check for CEF polarization using 'show ip cef 10.146.251.0/24 internal'. If hardware-limited, consider using per-flow load balancing or upgrading platform. Ensure 'maximum-paths' is configured correctly under the routing protocol.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: CEF ECMP mismatch for 10.146.251.0/24. RIB has 2 paths but CEF FIB shows only 1. Hardware limit or CEF polarization suspected. Verify 'show ip cef maximum-count' and platform ECMP limits. Traffic is not truly load-balanced.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
O    10.37.167.0/27 [110/15] via 192.168.169.250, 15:04:51, Serial3/0:1
O    10.14.113.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.32.1, 23:00:53, GigabitEthernet0/0
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.239.180.0/25 [110/15] via 192.168.54.128, 23:25:20, FastEthernet1/0
O    10.92.130.0/22 [110/15] via 192.168.248.204, 05:38:36, Serial0/1:0
O    10.14.113.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.98.1, 00:00:37, Loopback76

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two ECMP OSPF routes for 10.14.113.0/24 have equal metrics (2) but vastly different ages: 23:00:53 vs 00:00:37.
2. Analysis: An OSPF route older than 1 hour without refresh suggests the neighbor may be down, the interface is flapping, or the LSA is not being refreshed. OSPF should age out LSAs after 3600 seconds (1 hour).
3. Context: If the neighbor on GigabitEthernet0/0 is truly unreachable, traffic forwarded via 192.168.32.1 will be black-holed. The stale route remaining in the RIB indicates a potential SPF calculation issue or neighbor stuck in 2-way state.
4. Recommendation: Verify OSPF neighbor state on GigabitEthernet0/0 using 'show ip ospf neighbor'. Check interface counters for errors or flaps. If the neighbor is down, the route should be removed; investigate why it persists.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Stale ECMP path for 10.14.113.0/24. Route via 192.168.32.1 on GigabitEthernet0/0 is 23:00:53 old. Verify OSPF neighbor adjacency. Risk of black-holed traffic if next-hop is unreachable.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.163.185.0/26 [110/7] via 192.168.107.181, 18:01:05, Loopback83
O    10.125.5.0/23 [110/7] via 192.168.186.147, 08:10:11, Serial0/1:1
O    10.1.179.0/24 [110/10] via 192.168.13.1, 24:29:25, Loopback40
O    10.52.44.0/17 [110/12] via 192.168.185.164, 14:07:56, Loopback95
O    10.1.179.0/24 [110/10] via 192.168.66.1, 00:00:11, Serial0/1:1

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two ECMP OSPF routes for 10.1.179.0/24 have equal metrics (10) but vastly different ages: 24:29:25 vs 00:00:11.
2. Analysis: An OSPF route older than 1 hour without refresh suggests the neighbor may be down, the interface is flapping, or the LSA is not being refreshed. OSPF should age out LSAs after 3600 seconds (1 hour).
3. Context: If the neighbor on Loopback40 is truly unreachable, traffic forwarded via 192.168.13.1 will be black-holed. The stale route remaining in the RIB indicates a potential SPF calculation issue or neighbor stuck in 2-way state.
4. Recommendation: Verify OSPF neighbor state on Loopback40 using 'show ip ospf neighbor'. Check interface counters for errors or flaps. If the neighbor is down, the route should be removed; investigate why it persists.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Stale ECMP path for 10.1.179.0/24. Route via 192.168.13.1 on Loopback40 is 24:29:25 old. Verify OSPF neighbor adjacency. Risk of black-holed traffic if next-hop is unreachable.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
D    10.101.204.0/18 [90/823] via 192.168.252.188
D    10.58.149.0/24 [90/347] via 192.168.94.1
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
D    10.40.36.0/23 [90/358] via 192.168.27.164
D    10.58.149.0/24 [90/619] via 192.168.108.1
D    10.58.149.0/24 [90/237] via 192.168.35.1

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Three EIGRP routes to 10.58.149.0/24 have metrics 237, 347, and 619. Current variance is 2, which allows paths with metric up to 474.
2. Analysis: With variance 2, the maximum acceptable metric is 474. Path via 192.168.94.1 has metric 347 (within range), but path via 192.168.108.1 has metric 619 (exceeds range). Therefore, only two paths participate in unequal-cost load balancing.
3. Context: The third path is completely unused despite being a valid feasible successor. This underutilizes available capacity. If the variance was intended to include all three paths, it is insufficient.
4. Recommendation: Increase variance to 3 to include all three paths. Alternatively, if only two paths are desired, verify the design intent and remove or suppress the third path to avoid confusion.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: EIGRP variance 2 too low for 10.58.149.0/24. Metric 619 via 192.168.108.1 exceeds variance limit (474). Only 2 of 3 paths are active. Increase variance to 3 or verify design intent.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
B    10.103.140.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.79.1
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
B    10.103.140.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.11.1
B    10.33.220.0/25 [20/4] via 192.168.163.217
B    10.96.2.0/26 [20/1] via 192.168.164.111
B    10.74.145.0/27 [20/4] via 192.168.205.135
B    10.60.218.0/19 [20/2] via 192.168.204.26

Question: What routing issues could cause network instability in this configuration?

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two BGP routes to 10.103.140.0/24 exist via 192.168.11.1 and 192.168.79.1 with identical attributes. However, the BGP session with 192.168.11.1 has not sent keepalives for over 3 minutes.
2. Analysis: BGP hold time is typically 180 seconds (3 minutes). If keepalives are not received within the hold time, the session should be torn down and routes withdrawn. A stale route persisting indicates a TCP session stuck in ESTABLISHED state without actual data flow.
3. Context: This is a classic 'stuck BGP session' scenario. The router still has the route in the RIB, but if the peer is actually down, traffic sent via 192.168.11.1 will be dropped. This causes intermittent connectivity issues that are hard to diagnose.
4. Recommendation: Clear the BGP session with 192.168.11.1 using 'clear ip bgp 192.168.11.1'. Verify underlying IP connectivity with ping and traceroute. Check for MTU mismatches or ACLs blocking TCP port 179. Consider reducing hold time for faster failure detection.
</reasoning>
<answer>
CRITICAL: Stale BGP ECMP path for 10.103.140.0/24. Session with 192.168.11.1 has not sent keepalives within hold time. Route persists due to stuck TCP session. Clear BGP session and verify underlying connectivity.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.21.181.0/24 [110/36] via 192.168.95.1, 19:59:05, GigabitEthernet1/0
O    10.92.161.0/16 [110/2] via 192.168.62.72, 20:54:39, FastEthernet0/0
O    10.21.181.0/24 [110/10] via 192.168.49.1, 06:58:40, GigabitEthernet3/0
O    10.120.249.0/25 [110/4] via 192.168.84.42, 19:06:35, FastEthernet0/0
O    10.107.106.0/26 [110/7] via 192.168.97.119, 08:46:29, Loopback40

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two OSPF routes to 10.21.181.0/24 exist via 192.168.49.1 (metric 10) and 192.168.95.1 (metric 36).
2. Analysis: ECMP requires equal metrics for all paths to the same destination. The metrics differ by 26, which violates ECMP requirements. CEF will select only the best path.
3. Context: Traffic will not be load-balanced. The higher-metric path is effectively unused, wasting bandwidth. If the lower-metric path fails, convergence will be slower as the router must discover the backup.
4. Recommendation: Equalize OSPF costs on all interfaces leading to 10.21.181.0/24. Verify interface bandwidth and delay settings are consistent across parallel links.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Asymmetric ECMP for 10.21.181.0/24. OSPF metrics differ (10 vs 36). CEF will not load-balance. Equalize interface costs on GigabitEthernet3/0 and GigabitEthernet1/0.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
D    10.65.63.0/24 [90/157] via 192.168.10.1
D    10.41.175.0/19 [90/629] via 192.168.20.151
D    10.65.63.0/24 [90/369] via 192.168.124.1
D    10.157.90.0/28 [90/155] via 192.168.110.98
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
D    10.65.63.0/24 [90/244] via 192.168.59.1
D    10.66.185.0/20 [90/493] via 192.168.181.6
D    10.221.209.0/23 [90/487] via 192.168.248.79

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Three EIGRP routes to 10.65.63.0/24 have metrics 157, 244, and 369. Current variance is 2, which allows paths with metric up to 314.
2. Analysis: With variance 2, the maximum acceptable metric is 314. Path via 192.168.59.1 has metric 244 (within range), but path via 192.168.124.1 has metric 369 (exceeds range). Therefore, only two paths participate in unequal-cost load balancing.
3. Context: The third path is completely unused despite being a valid feasible successor. This underutilizes available capacity. If the variance was intended to include all three paths, it is insufficient.
4. Recommendation: Increase variance to 3 to include all three paths. Alternatively, if only two paths are desired, verify the design intent and remove or suppress the third path to avoid confusion.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: EIGRP variance 2 too low for 10.65.63.0/24. Metric 369 via 192.168.124.1 exceeds variance limit (314). Only 2 of 3 paths are active. Increase variance to 3 or verify design intent.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
O    10.64.129.0/19 [110/6] via 192.168.38.39, 07:54:18, FastEthernet2/2
O    10.120.75.0/24 [110/5] via 192.168.92.1, 21:46:30, GigabitEthernet1/2
O    10.120.75.0/24 [110/5] via 192.168.20.1, 03:12:09, FastEthernet1/0
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.38.157.0/21 [110/8] via 192.168.184.166, 05:20:18, FastEthernet0/1

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: The RIB shows two equal-cost OSPF routes to 10.120.75.0/24 via 192.168.20.1 and 192.168.92.1. However, 'show ip cef 10.120.75.0/24' displays only one path in the FIB.
2. Analysis: CEF derives ECMP paths from the RIB, but hardware limitations, CEF polarization, or platform-specific maximum-paths constraints can cause CEF to install fewer paths than the RIB. Some platforms limit ECMP to 8 or 16 paths.
3. Context: This creates a forwarding/RIB inconsistency. Control plane believes load balancing is active, but data plane uses only one path. Traffic engineering and capacity planning based on ECMP assumptions will be incorrect.
4. Recommendation: Verify platform ECMP limits with 'show ip cef maximum-count'. Check for CEF polarization using 'show ip cef 10.120.75.0/24 internal'. If hardware-limited, consider using per-flow load balancing or upgrading platform. Ensure 'maximum-paths' is configured correctly under the routing protocol.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: CEF ECMP mismatch for 10.120.75.0/24. RIB has 2 paths but CEF FIB shows only 1. Hardware limit or CEF polarization suspected. Verify 'show ip cef maximum-count' and platform ECMP limits. Traffic is not truly load-balanced.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
B    10.172.221.0/26 [20/8] via 192.168.66.121
B    10.137.122.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.58.1, AS_PATH: 65002 65003
B    10.251.7.0/19 [20/10] via 192.168.156.72
B    10.137.122.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.6.1, AS_PATH: 65001
B    10.224.200.0/25 [20/5] via 192.168.25.103
B    10.108.225.0/28 [20/7] via 192.168.199.177
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two BGP routes to 10.137.122.0/24 exist via 192.168.6.1 (AS_PATH: 65001) and 192.168.58.1 (AS_PATH: 65002 65003). Both have local-pref 100 and weight 0.
2. Analysis: BGP path selection prefers shorter AS_PATH. The route via 192.168.6.1 has AS_PATH length 1, while the route via 192.168.58.1 has length 2. Therefore, only the path via 192.168.6.1 is selected as best path. ECMP requires all compared attributes to be identical up to the point of divergence.
3. Context: Even with 'maximum-paths 2' configured, BGP will not install the second path because AS_PATH lengths differ. The router is single-homed in terms of active forwarding, defeating redundancy.
4. Recommendation: If true ECMP is desired, manipulate AS_PATH to be equal (e.g., using AS_PATH prepending on the preferred path) or adjust local-preference/weight. Alternatively, accept single best-path behavior if design intent is primary/backup.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: BGP unequal-cost paths for 10.137.122.0/24. AS_PATH lengths differ (1 vs 2). 'maximum-paths' will not help. Equalize AS_PATH or use local-preference for true ECMP.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
O    10.39.21.0/24 [110/10] via 192.168.9.1, 12:42:01, Port-channel2
O    10.51.47.0/18 [110/18] via 192.168.218.31, 21:50:19, Loopback98
O    10.22.150.0/29 [110/3] via 192.168.46.34, 19:30:12, Port-channel8
O    10.39.21.0/24 [110/10] via 192.168.83.1, 00:00:23, Port-channel6
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.24.54.0/20 [110/12] via 192.168.41.62, 18:07:44, Serial0/0:0

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two ECMP OSPF routes for 10.39.21.0/24 have equal metrics (10) but vastly different ages: 12:42:01 vs 00:00:23.
2. Analysis: An OSPF route older than 1 hour without refresh suggests the neighbor may be down, the interface is flapping, or the LSA is not being refreshed. OSPF should age out LSAs after 3600 seconds (1 hour).
3. Context: If the neighbor on Port-channel2 is truly unreachable, traffic forwarded via 192.168.9.1 will be black-holed. The stale route remaining in the RIB indicates a potential SPF calculation issue or neighbor stuck in 2-way state.
4. Recommendation: Verify OSPF neighbor state on Port-channel2 using 'show ip ospf neighbor'. Check interface counters for errors or flaps. If the neighbor is down, the route should be removed; investigate why it persists.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Stale ECMP path for 10.39.21.0/24. Route via 192.168.9.1 on Port-channel2 is 12:42:01 old. Verify OSPF neighbor adjacency. Risk of black-holed traffic if next-hop is unreachable.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    10.145.95.0/22 [110/13] via 192.168.253.164, 11:10:04, Port-channel8
O    10.236.177.0/20 [110/20] via 192.168.246.228, 20:02:43, Loopback70
O    10.45.219.0/24 [110/67] via 192.168.85.1, 15:09:17, FastEthernet2/0
O    10.45.219.0/24 [110/3] via 192.168.48.1, 16:26:02, FastEthernet1/1
O    10.216.25.0/20 [110/4] via 192.168.41.182, 06:33:32, Loopback59
O    10.137.100.0/18 [110/12] via 192.168.225.120, 04:47:07, Port-channel1

Question: Identify any load balancing issues in this routing table.

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two OSPF routes to 10.45.219.0/24 exist via 192.168.48.1 (metric 3) and 192.168.85.1 (metric 67).
2. Analysis: ECMP requires equal metrics for all paths to the same destination. The metrics differ by 64, which violates ECMP requirements. CEF will select only the best path.
3. Context: Traffic will not be load-balanced. The higher-metric path is effectively unused, wasting bandwidth. If the lower-metric path fails, convergence will be slower as the router must discover the backup.
4. Recommendation: Equalize OSPF costs on all interfaces leading to 10.45.219.0/24. Verify interface bandwidth and delay settings are consistent across parallel links.
</reasoning>
<answer>
WARNING: Asymmetric ECMP for 10.45.219.0/24. OSPF metrics differ (3 vs 67). CEF will not load-balance. Equalize interface costs on FastEthernet1/1 and FastEthernet2/0.
</answer>


[System] You are a network routing expert. Analyze the routing table, detect issues, and provide step-by-step reasoning. Use the format: <reasoning>...step-by-step analysis...</reasoning><answer>...concise answer...</answer>

[User]
Routing table:
B    10.235.129.0/27 [20/3] via 192.168.73.177
B    10.145.251.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.49.1
B    10.32.3.0/25 [20/1] via 192.168.219.101
B    10.145.251.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.77.1
B    10.30.156.0/25 [20/1] via 192.168.176.62
B    10.24.34.0/24 [20/9] via 192.168.63.16
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

Question: What routing issues could cause network instability in this configuration?

[Assistant]
<reasoning>
1. Observation: Two BGP routes to 10.145.251.0/24 exist via 192.168.49.1 and 192.168.77.1 with identical attributes. However, the BGP session with 192.168.49.1 has not sent keepalives for over 3 minutes.
2. Analysis: BGP hold time is typically 180 seconds (3 minutes). If keepalives are not received within the hold time, the session should be torn down and routes withdrawn. A stale route persisting indicates a TCP session stuck in ESTABLISHED state without actual data flow.
3. Context: This is a classic 'stuck BGP session' scenario. The router still has the route in the RIB, but if the peer is actually down, traffic sent via 192.168.49.1 will be dropped. This causes intermittent connectivity issues that are hard to diagnose.
4. Recommendation: Clear the BGP session with 192.168.49.1 using 'clear ip bgp 192.168.49.1'. Verify underlying IP connectivity with ping and traceroute. Check for MTU mismatches or ACLs blocking TCP port 179. Consider reducing hold time for faster failure detection.
</reasoning>
<answer>
CRITICAL: Stale BGP ECMP path for 10.145.251.0/24. Session with 192.168.49.1 has not sent keepalives within hold time. Route persists due to stuck TCP session. Clear BGP session and verify underlying connectivity.
</answer>